關於名詞的大學聯考英語語法精講

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1、在句子裏使用名詞應注意的'問題

名詞的數：單數、複數和不可數；

名詞的格：通格和屬格 （’s ）

名詞的限定：特指、泛指、數量和習慣用法，即名詞前加冠詞或

其它限定詞， 例如： some, many , this, my 等

2、名詞的數和單位詞

1）復型名詞 + 複數動詞

The trousers are too big for me. Please show me the smaller pair.

備用詞： shoes, stockings, glasses, socks

NOTICE: A pair of glasses costs quite a lot.

2）復型名詞 + 單數動詞

A. The news on TV is seldom satisfying.

備用詞：mathematics, physics, politics, means, works, the United States

B. Twenty miles is a long way to walk.

備用詞： five pounds, two feet, six weeks

3） 集合名詞 + 複數名詞

The police have surrounded the building.

Cattle are selling for record price (創記錄）.

備用詞： the enemy, (the) people

NOTICE: 表示由若干人組成的集合體的單數詞常可作複數用，

但若把這個集合體看作整體就用作單數:

My family are wonderful. They do all they can for me.

The family which now consists of four members at most is smaller than it used to be.

4)不可數名詞作可數的情況

A. 部分不可數名詞可以有下列情況

a (an) + adj. + n.

It looks like rain. a thirsty for knowledge(求知慾）

a heavy rain He has a good knowledge of politics.

備用詞： snow, breakfast, wine, oil, education

B.口語特例（特定場合）

A (One) beer, please.

Two teas and four coffees, please.

5)既是可數又是不可數的名詞

I broke a glass this morning. (杯子）

Glass is made from sand. （玻璃）

備用詞： paper / a paper, light(光) / a light(燈);

ice(冰) / an ice (冰激凌), chicken(雞肉) / a chicken (雛雞)

6) 單位詞

A.個數

a piece of information (furniture, advice…)

B. 以形狀表示個數

a grain of rice, a flight of stairs

C. 容量

a box of matches, a cup of tea

D. 計量

a metre of cloth, a ton of coal

E.其它

a (new) set of tools (wires, teeth, rules)

3、名詞的格：

1）’ s 的用法

A . 與時間有關的名詞

a night’s sleep ten minutes’ walk

NOTICE: a two-hour walk = two hours’walk

B. 和else 連用

book can this be?

A. Who else’s

B. Whose else

C. Who’s else

D. Whose else’s

(A)

C. ‘s 修飾的詞，如果前面提到，可省略

This is Jack’s book, not Tom’s.

This book is Jack’s not Tom’s.

D. 表示店、鋪、家、診所等， ‘s 後面的名詞省略

at the Green’s (house), at the doctor’s (office)

2) OF 結構表示所有關係

A. 無生命的名詞用of

the price of the success

B. 有生命的名詞被一個短語或從句修飾而表示所有關係時用of

Can’t you look at the book of the boy behind you?

3)雙重所有格

‘s 與of結構並用，此時of結構所修飾的名詞前通常有a, an, two, some, that等

Miss Smith is a friend of Mary’s mother’s.

that brother of the girl

4)名詞 + 名詞 （名詞用作形容詞）

A. 單數名詞＋名詞a shoe (flower) shop ticket office

NOTICE: the tailor’s (shop)

B. 複數名詞＋名詞

sports meet clothes shop women pilots