英語四冊課堂筆記 Lesson41:The Origin of Things

新概念英語Lesson 41 The Origin of Things

Education is one of the key words of our time.

A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities.

Convinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back 'interest' in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders.

Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by text-books--those purchasable wells of wisdom--what would civilization be like without its benefits ? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births--but our spiritual outlook would be different.

We would lay less stress on 'facts and figures' and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow citizens.

If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of 'college' imaginable.

Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is, equally equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the 'equal start' which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain.

In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all.

There are no 'illiterates '--if the term can be applied to peoples without a script--while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of 'civilized' nations.

This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the 'happy few' during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.

All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality.

There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents, therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no 'juvenile delinquency.' No necessity of making a living away from Home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to 'buy' an education for his child.

New words and expressions 生詞短語

inherit vt.繼承 disinherit v.剝奪繼承權

illiterate n. 文盲 literary a. 文學的 literature n.文學

circum=surrounding 周圍的

circus 馬戲團，馬戲場

circumspect a. 慎重的，周到的，小心謹慎的

environment n. (用單數) circumstance n. (用複數)

deprive sb. of sth. 剝奪某人機會 rob: 搶 rob sb. of sth.

e.g. He deprived me of the opportunity of education. / He deprived me of freedom. / I’m

deprived./downfallen.

possess: 擁有 dispossess sb. of sth.

invest: 投資 devest: 拿走

denude v. 使身無分文

convince sb. of sth.e.g. He convinced me of his honesty. (強調結果)

persuade sb. to do sth.e.g. She persuade me to go shopping with her. （強調過程）

His speech is very convincing. (具有説服力)

enlightened: 受到啟迪

Listen to both sides, you will be enlightened. (兼聽則明)

the enlightenment 啟蒙運動 We should base on understanding on reason.

1. ancient philosopher (Aristotle)

2. Renaissance (文藝復興)

3. scientific revolution

Religion always regarded human as vicious. (well-natured: 人性本善)

Famous figures: Bacon, Locke, Rousseau《The Confessions》

instruct: 指導 instructor 輔導員 cycle of instruction 教學週期

punctuate vt.加強，介入，加標點

underline: 加強

fortify: 加強（工事）

intensify: 強化

preach sermon

missionary: 帶着任務到國外傳教

defendant n. 被告 (plaintiff: 原告 prosecutor: 原告（尤指刑事）

MA=master of arts: 碩士 PHD：博士 defendant: 論文的答辯者 defend my thesis

mental outlook: 精神面貌 world outlook: 世界觀

vision/view/sight

capacity n. 能力 breath capacity: 肺活量

capability/caliber: high caliber

in the capacity of: 以什麼身份

e.g. In the capacity of a chairman, I extend a warm welcome to all the delegates.

acupuncture 鍼灸術

inherit vt.

inheritor: 繼承人

people/folk: 民族 （high civilized）

tribe: backward Mongolian tribe 蒙古部落

clan: 氏族 maternal: 母系 paternal: 父系

illiterate n. 文盲

literate: 有文化的

antiilliteracy 掃盲

compulsory service system 義務服役制

compulsory course 必修科目

optional/selective course: 選修科目

deem=regard/think

I deem him right.

He hampers my progress.

block / thwart

shackle: 枷鎖

impede: 阻止

jungle law: 叢林法則

the survival of the fittest 適者生存

savannah: 大草原（比較潮濕的濕地） in South America

delinquency juvenile delinquency

crime/sin/guilt

crime 非常嚴重 commit

sin: 可以饒恕的罪行 Amitabha

guilt: (抽象)犯罪 I am guilty.

confront vt. 面對 （face 的書面用語）

confront difficulty / be confronted with

There’s a confrontation between the two nations.

Notes on the text 課文註釋

key words: 關鍵詞 / an=once, 表強調 / victim: 犧牲品 / adverse

deprived: 被剝奪 （Only with education can a man be successful. ）

經典背誦句：

Education is one of the key words of our time. a man without an education, many of us believe,

is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest

twentieth-century opportunities.

(As an apple is not an apple in any things until it is ripe, so a man without education is not a man

in any things. )

convinced of: 被説服，相信=believing

states=nations=governments

‘invest’: 投資

institutions of learning 學術機構 institutions of higher learning: 高等教育

‘interest’: 利息

in the form of / in the shape of

enlightened: 有知識的 potential: 潛在=possible

elite: 精英

work out=design 設計

punctuate: 加強

wells: 源泉 wells of wisdom: 知識源泉

What would…(虛擬語氣)

benefits: 裨益

without (虛擬語氣的成分居多)=but for: 若不是，若沒有

if there were not its benefits…

The ideas that come to him so thick and fast, where are they now?

名詞 疑問句=感歎句

Women, who can live with them? who can live without them?

that we would have 虛擬

spiritual outlook: 精神面貌/世界

bare foot doctor: 赤腳醫生

lay stress on: 強調，重視

‘facts and figures’: 數字和事實 （think, judge, reason）

more on a good memory

woman’s wit 沒有任何的`解釋

applied psychology: 應用心理學

capacity of a man to get along with his fellow citizens (nepotism: 裙帶關係) / criterion: 標準

fashioned=designed=tailored

bookless: 沒有書本 Homeless / childless / treeless (a treeless mountain) 名詞 less 構成反義詞

democratic: 民主的 / imaginable: 可以想象的 most imaginable/possible (後置定語)

The most relax form possible is to go picnicking.

equality: 平等 / same footing: 同起點

inherited by tradition is shared by all (equality)

in this respect / regard / area: 在這一角度而言

equip (with knowledge) for life

ideal 不具有比較最高級

progressive: 進步的

regain: 重新獲得

Education can be spread to every man possible.

義務制)

(9 year compulsory educational system: 九年

primitive cultures=in ancient times

cultures: 國家, different cultures: 不同的國家

obligation: 義務

binding: 綁, bound (As one of the social members, you had to take responsibility to receive

education. )

‘illiterate’ 文盲

script=word: 文字

compulsory: 強制的，義務的 attendance: 註冊或到校報到=education (compulsory / forced /

binding)

before we deemed it necessary

I went out before it rained. (before: (1)直譯，之前 （2）之後 )

share in: 分享其中一份

“happy few”: (Greece, Rome, China: private school)

wilderness: 荒野

be equal to 名詞或動名詞=be qualified for

none of the hurry （拔苗助長）: to spoil a child by excessive enthusiasm

full development: 全面發展 / growing personality: 正在生長的人性（人格）

there 指 wilderness

ever-present: 無處不在

Mother’s employment prevents her from being Home to greet their children when they return

from school.

jungle: 叢林

know of: 瞭解，聽説=hear of

‘juvenile delinquency’ 少年犯

No necessity of making a living away from Home results in neglect of children,

and no father is confronted with his inability to ‘buy’ an education for his child.

e.g. No man will marry her. (對整句 man will marry her 的否定)

be confronted with=face =confront